Controlling the helicity of light by electrical magnetization switching.

Controlling the intensity of emitted light and charge current is the basis of transferring and processing information1. By contrast, robust information storage and magnetic random-access memories are implemented using the spin of the carrier and the associated magnetization in ferromagnets2. The missing link between the respective disciplines of photonics, electronics and spintronics is to modulate the circular polarization of the emitted light, rather than its intensity, by electrically controlled magnetization. Here we demonstrate that this missing link is established at room temperature and zero applied magnetic field in light-emitting diodes2-7, through the transfer of angular momentum between photons, electrons and ferromagnets. With spin-orbit torque8-11, a charge current generates also a spin current to electrically switch the magnetization. This switching determines the spin orientation of injected carriers into semiconductors, in which the transfer of angular momentum from the electron spin to photon controls the circular polarization of the emitted light2. The spin-photon conversion with the nonvolatile control of magnetization opens paths to seamlessly integrate information transfer, processing and storage. Our results provide substantial advances towards electrically controlled ultrafast modulation of circular polarization and spin injection with magnetization dynamics for the next-generation information and communication technology12, including space-light data transfer. The same operating principle in scaled-down structures or using two-dimensional materials will enable transformative opportunities for quantum information processing with spin-controlled single-photon sources, as well as for implementing spin-dependent time-resolved spectroscopies.

[Impact on weight loss and body composition of a food education intervention associated with Liraglutide treatment to address obesity]. / Impacto en la pérdida de peso y la composición corporal de una intervención de educación alimentaria asociada al tratamiento con liraglutida para el abordaje de la obesidad.

INTRODUCTION: clinical practice guidelines recommend considering pharmacological treatment of obesity only as a complement to lifestyle modification. Drugs alone are usually ineffective in the long term after discontinuation, so pharmacological weight loss strategies should always be accompanied by lifestyle modifications. OBJECTIVE: to analyze the changes in weight, body mass index and body composition by means of electrical bioimpedance after a 32-week treatment with liraglutide in patients with obesity, associated or not with a food education program. MATERIALS AND METHODS: the study involved 68 patients who were randomly divided into 2 groups. One group received treatment with liraglutide 3.0 mg/day along with individual dietary education, and the other group was treated with liraglutide 3.0 mg/day and standard medical follow-up for 32 weeks. The data collected were weight (kg), height (m) (Seca® brand), body mass index (kg/m2) and body composition using multifrequency bioimpedance (SECA 112® brand). The variables were analyzed at the beginning and at the end of the treatment. RESULTS: after 32 weeks of treatment, both study groups lost weight significantly. The group treated with liraglutide and individual dietary education had a reduction of 8.77 kg (9.08 %) (p < 0.001) and the group treated with liraglutide without education had a reduction of 3.55 kg (3.45 %) (p < 0.001). The BMI of the participants treated with liraglutide and education decreased by -4,04 kg/m2 (10.35 %) (p < 0.001) and in the group without education it decreased by -3.22 kg/m2 (8.30 %) (p = 0.003). In the educated group, fat mass decreased by -7.65 kg (15.89 %) (p < 0.001), although skeletal muscle mass also decreased by -1.62 kg (6.8 %) (p < 0.001). In those treated with liraglutide without education, a reduction in fat mass and skeletal muscle mass was also observed - fat mass by -4.72 kg (9.43 %) (p < 0.001) and skeletal muscle mass by -0.17 kg (0.70 %) (p < 0.001). Differences were also observed between groups, observing a greater reduction in weight, BMI, fat mass and skeletal muscle mass in the group with liraglutide and education compared to the group without education, although these differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: dietary education associated with liraglutide treatment may contribute to increasing weight loss and fat mass. However, it was also associated with an unwanted loss of skeletal muscle mass, probably related to the greater intensity of weight loss, which will have to be reversed in future therapeutic approaches. Habit modification through multidisciplinary treatment, including nutritional education, combined strength and resistance exercise, and cognitive-behavioral therapy, could be an effective way to treat obesity and maintain weight, body composition, and adherence to a lifestyle.

Decay of HCoV-OC43 infectivity is lower in cell debris-containing media than in fresh culture media.

In the quantitative description of viral dynamics within cell cultures and, more broadly, in modeling within-host viral infections, a question that commonly arises is whether the degradation of a fraction of the virus could be disregarded in comparison with the massive synthesis of new viral particles. Surprisingly, quantitative data on the synthesis and degradation rates of RNA viruses in cell cultures are scarce. In this study, we investigated the decay of the human betacoronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) infectivity in cell culture lysates and in fresh media. Our findings revealed a significantly slower viral decay rate in the medium containing lysate cells compared to the fresh medium. This observation suggests that the presence of cellular debris from lysed cells may offer protection or stabilize virions, slowing down their degradation. Moreover, the growth rate of HCoV-OC43 infectivity is significantly higher than degradation as long as there are productive cells in the medium, suggesting that, as a first approximation, degradation can be neglected during early infection.

Ferrocenyl Dinuclear Gold(I) Complexes. Study of their Structural Features and the Influence of Bridging and Phosphane Ligands in a Catalytic Cyclization Reaction.

Invited for the cover of this issue are the groups of Raquel P. Herrera and M. Concepción Gimeno at the Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (University of Zaragoza-CSIC). The image depicts the light of the full moon illuminating a bridge between the gold(I) metal centers. Two dragons, symbolizing the use of bridging ligands, confront each other to determine the ultimate victor. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202303585.

Ferrocenyl Dinuclear Gold(I) Complexes. Study of their Structural Features and the Influence of Bridging and Phosphane Ligands in a Catalytic Cyclization Reaction.

The combination of the ferrocene moiety with gold(I) catalysis remains a relatively unexplored field. In this article, we delve into the synthesis, characterization, and potential catalytic activity of four complexes utilizing both monodentate and bidentate ferrocenyl diphenylphosphane ligands (ppf and dppf), coordinated with two gold(I) metal centers, linked by either chloride or pentafluorophenylthiolate bridging ligands. This leads to the formation of cationic "self-activated" precatalysts capable of initiating the catalytic cycle without the need for external additives. The catalytic activity of these complexes was assessed through a model reaction in gold(I) catalysis, specifically the cyclization of a N-propargylbenzamide to produce an oxazole. In addition, we studied and compared the influence exerted by both the phosphane and the bridging ligand on the performance of these catalysts.

Unlocking the catalytic potential of gold(II) complexes: a comprehensive reassessment.

Gold(II) complexes, unlike their gold(I) and gold(III) counterparts, have been sparsely employed in the field of catalysis. This is primarily due to the challenges associated with isolating and characterising these open-shell species. However, these complexes offer a wide range of possibilities. On one hand, this intermediate oxidation state has proven to be more easily accessible through reduction and oxidation processes compared to the gold(I)/gold(III) redox couple, thereby facilitating potential homo-coupling and cross-coupling reactions. On the other hand, gold(II) exhibits Lewis acid behaviour, bridging the characteristics of the soft acid gold(I) and the hard acid gold(III). In this review, we focus on mono- and dinuclear gold(II) complexes, whether they are isolated and well-studied or proposed as intermediates in cross-coupling reactions induced by the action of oxidants or light. We delve into the unique reactivity and potential applications of these gold(II) species, shedding light on their role in this field. This comprehensive exploration aims to underscore the latent promise of gold(II) complexes in catalysis, offering insights into their structural and mechanistic aspects while highlighting their relevance in contemporary chemical transformations.

Tad and toxin-coregulated pilus structures reveal unexpected diversity in bacterial type IV pili.

Type IV pili (T4P) are ubiquitous in both bacteria and archaea. They are polymers of the major pilin protein, which has an extended and protruding N-terminal helix, α1, and a globular C-terminal domain. Cryo-EM structures have revealed key differences between the bacterial and archaeal T4P in their C-terminal domain structure and in the packing and continuity of α1. This segment forms a continuous α-helix in archaeal T4P but is partially melted in all published bacterial T4P structures due to a conserved helix breaking proline at position 22. The tad (tight adhesion) T4P are found in both bacteria and archaea and are thought to have been acquired by bacteria through horizontal transfer from archaea. Tad pilins are unique among the T4 pilins, being only 40 to 60 residues in length and entirely lacking a C-terminal domain. They also lack the Pro22 found in all high-resolution bacterial T4P structures. We show using cryo-EM that the bacterial tad pilus from Caulobacter crescentus is composed of continuous helical subunits that, like the archaeal pilins, lack the melted portion seen in other bacterial T4P and share the packing arrangement of the archaeal T4P. We further show that a bacterial T4P, the Vibrio cholerae toxin coregulated pilus, which lacks Pro22 but is not in the tad family, has a continuous N-terminal α-helix, yet its α1 s are arranged similar to those in other bacterial T4P. Our results highlight the role of Pro22 in helix melting and support an evolutionary relationship between tad and archaeal T4P.

Haemochromatosis patients' research priorities: Towards an improved quality of life.

BACKGROUND: Chronic diseases are associated with a range of functional and psychosocial consequences that can adversely affect patients' quality of life (QoL). Haemochromatosis (HC) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by chronic iron overload that can ultimately lead to multiple organ dysfunction. Clinical diagnosis remains challenging due to the nonspecificity of symptoms and a lack of confirmatory genotyping in a substantial proportion of patients. Illness perception among HC patients has not been extensively investigated, lacking relevant information on how to improve their QoL. METHODS: We present the results of the first worldwide survey conducted in nearly 1500 HC respondents, in which we collected essential demographic information and identified the aspects that concern HC patients the most. RESULTS: Out of all the participants, 45.3% (n = 676) voiced their concern about physical and psychological consequences such as HC-related arthropathies, which can ultimately affect their social functioning. A similar proportion of patients (n = 635, 42.5%) also consider that better-informed doctors are key for improved HC disease management. Taking a patient-centred approach, we expose differences in patients' disease perspective by social and economic influences. CONCLUSIONS: We identify potential targets to improve patients' health-related QoL and reflect on strategic measures to foster gender equity in access to health resources. Finally, we make a call for a highly coordinated effort across a range of public policy areas to empower participants in the HC research process and design. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Nearly 1500 patients with hereditary HC responded to an anonymized online survey in which research and clinical priorities were addressed regarding this chronic and rare disease.

The Effect of Fasting on Body Composition Assessment in Hospitalized Cancer Patients.

Guidelines for bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) recommend fasting before measurements, but how it affects the outcomes is unclear. This descriptive, before-and-after study examines the effect of fasting on BIA results and its impact on the diagnosis of malnutrition in hospitalized cancer patients. Fifty-three oncology patients (admitted in January-March 2020) were consecutively enrolled regardless of their nutritional status. Patients were assessed by the same dietician 24-48 h after admission, following the usual clinical practice. The measurements were taken after 12-h fasting (fasting state) and 60-90 min after breakfast (non-fasting state). Bioimpedance parameters (resistance [R], reactance [Xc], phase angle [PA]) and body composition indices (free-fat mass index [FFMI] and appendicular skeletal muscle index [ASMI]) were calculated. On average, R values did not significantly differ between fasting and non-fasting states (mean difference: +1.82 Ω; p = 0.64). The non-fasting Xc and PA were reduced (mean differences: -1.55 Ω, p = 0.93 and 0.09°, p = 0.82, respectively). Fasting and non-fasting FFMI and ASMI were similar (mean differences: -0.13 kg/m2 (p = 0.5) and -0.10 kg/m2 (p not calculated)). These results suggest that BIA does not require fasting, facilitating its routine use in hospitalized cancer patients.

Vertical Farming Monitoring: How Does It Work and How Much Does It Cost?

Climate change, resource scarcity, and a growing world population are some of the problems facing traditional agriculture. For this reason, new cultivation systems are emerging, such as vertical farming. This is based on indoor cultivation, which is not affected by climatic conditions. However, vertical farming requires higher consumption of water and light, since in traditional agriculture those resources are free. Vertical cultivation requires the use of new technologies and sensors to reduce water and energy consumption and increase its efficiency. The sensorization of these systems makes it possible to monitor and evaluate their performance in real time. In addition, vertical farming faces economic uncertainty since its profitability has not been studied in depth. This article studies the most important variables when monitoring a vertical farming system and proposes the sensors to be used in the data acquisition system. In addition, this study presents a cost model for the installation of this type of system. This cost model is applied to a case study to evaluate the profitability of installing this type of infrastructure. The results obtained suggest that the investment made in VF installations could be profitable in a period of three to five years.

Variation in Nicotine Metabolization According to Biological Factors and Type of Nicotine Consumer.

This study aims to describe the nicotine metabolite ratio among tobacco smokers and electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) users and nonusers. We analyzed pooled data from a longitudinal and a cross-sectional study of the adult population from the city of Barcelona. The final sample included information on 166 smokers, 164 e-cigarettes users with nicotine, 41 e-cigarette users without nicotine, 95 dual users (users of both products), and 508 nonusers. We used log-linear models to control for the potential confounding effect of the daily number of cigarettes smoked. Salivary nicotine metabolic rate assessment included the rate of nicotine metabolism (cotinine/nicotine) and the nicotine metabolite ratio (trans-3'-hydroxycotinine/cotinine). Exclusive users of e-cigarette without nicotine have the lowest rate of nicotine metabolism (Geometric mean: 0.08, p-values < 0.001) while cigarette smokers have the highest (Geometric mean: 2.08, p-values < 0.001). Nonusers have lower nicotine metabolic rate than cigarette smokers (Geometric means: 0.23 vs. 0.18, p-value < 0.05). Younger individuals (18−44 years) have a higher rate of nicotine metabolism than older individuals (45−64 years and 65−89) (Geometric means: 0.53 vs. 0.42 and 0.31, respectively, p-values < 0.01) and individuals with lower body mass index (21−25 kg/m2) have a higher rate of nicotine metabolism than the rest (26−30 kg/m2 and 31−60 kg/m2) (Geometric means: 0.52 vs. 0.35 and 0.36, respectively-values < 0.01). Nicotine metabolic rates are useful biomarkers when reporting smoking status and biological differences between individuals.

Specific biomarker comparison in current smokers, e-cigarette users, and non-smokers.

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to address the existing gap in the literature, while adding evidence, by comparing tobacco-specific biomarkers (cotinine and nitrosamines: NNK, NNAL, NNN), and other biomarkers of e-cigarette use (humectants: glycerol, 1,2-PD, 1,3-PD) according to five study groups. METHODS: A pooling analysis including two different studies was conducted. In both analyses, we took saliva samples from smokers (n = 409) and non-smokers (n = 154), dual tobacco and e-cig users (n = 92), exclusive e-cig user with nicotine (n = 158), and exclusive e-cig users without nicotine (n = 38). We analyzed and compared the geometric means (GM) and geometric standard deviations (GSD) of the concentration of tobacco-specific biomarkers, and e-cigarette biomarkers among groups. We used log-linear models adjusted for sex and age to model the change percentage and their 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Cotinine was significantly higher in nicotine consumers and in e-cigarette users without nicotine when compared to non-smokers. TSNAs were generally significantly lower in non-smokers and higher in nicotine consumers. NNN and NNAL were lower in e-cigarette users with nicotine comparted to smokers, and NNN was higher in e-cigarette users without nicotine when compared to non-smokers. No differences were found in humectant biomarkers between e-cigarette groups. CONCLUSIONS: Although there was a reduction in TSNAs in e-cigarette exclusive users compared to smokers, and a reduction of cotinine concentrations in e-cigarette exclusive users without nicotine compared to smokers, there are still high levels of these biomarkers when compared to non-smokers, which may be a clue towards the harmful effect of e-cigarettes.

[Nutritional assessment and intervention in hospitalized cancer patients at risk of or with malnutrition: evaluation of the effect on anthropometric and body composition parameters]. / Valoración e intervención nutricional en pacientes oncológicos hospitalizados en riesgo de desnutrición o con desnutrición: evaluación del efecto sobre parámetros antropométricos y de composición corporal.

Introduction: Introduction: malnutrition is a common problem in cancer patients that worsens during hospitalization and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, and impaired quality of life. Objectives: to describe the effect of implementing a nutritional assessment and support protocol on the nutritional status of hospitalized cancer patients. Methods: a prospective, cross-sectional, non-controlled, quasi-experimental study in cancer patients admitted to an oncology service consecutively regardless of their nutritional status between September 2019 and March 2020. Anthropometric parameters, body composition, and hand grip strength were measured at admission and discharge. The percentage of patients with malnutrition, dynapenia, and sarcopenia at admission and discharge was calculated. Results: a total of 90 cancer patients participated in this study (mean age: 66 years, 67.8 % men); 33.2 % of the patients had a tumor in the gastrointestinal tract and 73.3 % of the patients were in stage IV; 95 % required nutritional support (nutritional supplementation, enteral nutrition or parenteral nutrition). After the nutritional intervention, no differences were found in the anthropometric parameters with a mean weight loss of 0.1, although improvements in body composition were observed. The percentage of malnourished patients remained stable on admission and discharge regardless of the criteria used. Conclusions: the implementation of a protocol for assessment and nutritional support at admission in cancer patients may help prevent or delay the worsening of their nutritional status during hospital stay.

Introducción: Introducción: la desnutrición es un problema frecuente en los pacientes oncológicos que empeora durante la hospitalización y se asocia con mayor morbimortalidad y deterioro de la calidad de vida. Objetivos: describir el efecto de la implantación de un protocolo de valoración y soporte nutricional sobre el estado nutricional de pacientes oncológicos hospitalizados. Métodos: estudio prospectivo, no controlado y cuasiexperimental en pacientes oncológicos ingresados en un servicio de oncología de forma consecutiva, independientemente de su estado nutricional, entre septiembre de 2019 y marzo de 2020. Se determinaron los parámetros antropométricos, la composición corporal y la fuerza prensora de la mano al ingreso y al alta. Se calculó el porcentaje de pacientes con desnutrición, dinapenia y sarcopenia al ingreso y al alta. Resultados: un total de 90 pacientes oncológicos participaron en este estudio (edad media: 66 años, 67,8 % hombres). El 33,2 % de los pacientes presentaban un tumor en el tracto gastrointestinal y el 73,3 % de los pacientes se encontraban en estadio IV. El 95 % necesitaron soporte nutricional (suplementación nutricional, nutrición enteral o nutrición parenteral). Tras la intervención nutricional no se encontraron diferencias en los parámetros antropométricos, con una pérdida de peso media de 0,1, aunque se observaron mejorías en la composición corporal. El porcentaje de pacientes desnutridos se mantuvo estable al ingreso y al alta independientemente del criterio empleado Conclusiones: la implementación de un protocolo de valoración y soporte nutricional al ingreso en pacientes oncológicos puede ayudar a evitar o retrasar el empeoramiento de su estado nutricional durante la hospitalización.

Twisting development, the birth of a potential new gene.

Evolution has long been considered to be a conservative process in which new genes arise from pre-existing genes through gene duplication, domain shuffling, horizontal transfer, overprinting, retrotransposition, etc. However, this view is changing as new genes originating from non-genic sequences are discovered in different organisms. Still, rather limited functional information is available. Here, we have identified TWISTED1 (TWT1), a possible de novo-originated protein-coding gene that modifies microtubule arrangement and causes helicoidal growth in Arabidopsis thaliana when its expression is increased. Interestingly, even though TWT1 is a likely recent gene, the lack of TWT1 function affects A. thaliana development. TWT1 seems to have originated from a non-genic sequence. If so, it would be one of the few examples to date of how during evolution de novo genes are integrated into developmental cellular and organismal processes.

Do cross-food allergies to propofol exist?

BACKGROUND: Propofol is a short and rapidly acting intravenous anesthetic extensively used for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It is a lipid emulsion that contains soybean oil, purified egg phosphatide, and egg lecithin. Therefore, the package leaflet indicates that its administration is contraindicated in patients allergic to soy, eggs, or peanuts. Our study aimed to determine whether patients with proven food allergies are allergic to propofol. METHODS: Patients of all ages allergic to soy, eggs, or peanuts who agreed to undergo skin testing for propofol allergies were included. The subjects first underwent a skin test to confirm food allergies. If candidates were negative, they were excluded. If the result was positive, a propofol skin test was performed. RESULTS: Sixty-four patients with confirmed food allergies underwent a propofol skin test. Only one was positive in the propofol skin test (1.6%). The patient was allergic to peanuts and soybeans. These results reinforce the idea that there is no justification for avoiding propofol use in these subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Propofol can be safely administered to patients allergic to soy, eggs, or peanuts. We recommend caution in patients with a history of anaphylaxis after ingestion of the above-mentioned foods.

Asociación entre el tiempo de pantalla recreativo y el exceso de peso y la obesidad medidos con tres criterios diferentes entre residentes en España de 2-14 años / Association between recreational screen time and excess weight and obesity assessed with three sets of criteria in Spanish residents aged 2–14 years

Introducción y objetivo: Los estudios que evalúan la relación entre la obesidad y el tiempo de pantalla en la infancia y adolescencia son heterogéneos y siguen diferentes criterios para medir la obesidad. Además, existen pocos estudios que incluyan la exposición a los teléfonos inteligentes y las tabletas. Este estudio tiene como objetivo determinar la relación entre el tiempo de pantalla de ocio diario y el exceso de peso (sobrepeso más obesidad) y obesidad, utilizando diferentes criterios en personas de 2 a 14 años residentes en España. Métodos: Estudio transversal con los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud de España de menores del año 2017 (n=4.528). Se determinó el sobrepeso y la obesidad a partir de los criterios de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) y Orbegozo 2011. Se categorizó el tiempo diario de pantalla para fines recreativos en minutos como: 0-59, 60-119, 120-179 y ≥180. Calculamos la razón de prevalencias cruda y ajustada (RPa) y los intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC 95%) de exceso de peso y obesidad según el tiempo de pantalla de ocio diario en minutos. Además, calculamos el cambio crudo y ajustado (Δa) y los IC 95% del número esperado de criterios de exceso de peso y obesidad cumplidos según el tiempo de pantalla recreativo en minutos. Ajustamos las asociaciones por las potenciales variables de confusión. Resultados: Utilizar las pantallas para el ocio al menos 180minutos diarios está asociado con una mayor prevalencia ajustada de tener exceso de peso (p. ej., Orbegozo 2011 RPa≥180: 1,20; IC 95%: 1,02-1,42) y obesidad (i.e. IOTF RPa≥180: 1,41; IC 95%: 1,06-1,86) y un mayor número esperado de criterios de exceso de peso cumplidos (Δa≥180: 1,18; IC 95%: 1,06-1,31). (AU)

Introduction and objective: Studies that assess the association between excess weight and screen time in childhood and adolescence are methodologically heterogeneous, and few studies have analysed the exposure to smartphones and tablets. Our study aimed to assess the association between daily recreational screen time and excess weight (overweight+obesity) and obesity in children aged 2-14 years residing in Spain using different sets of standards. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the 2017 Spanish National Health Survey (N=4528). We assessed the prevalence of overweight and obesity applying the criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO), International Obesity Task Force (IOTF), and Orbegozo 2011 study. We categorised daily recreational screen time in minutes as 0–59, 60–119, 120–179, and ≥180. We calculated crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) of excess weight and obesity based on the daily minutes of recreational screen time with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Moreover, we calculated crude and adjusted change (aΔ) in the expected number of fulfilled excess weight/obesity criteria based on the minutes of daily recreational screen time with the corresponding 95% CI. We adjusted the association analyses for potential confounders. Results: We found that spending 180min or more a day of recreational screen time was associated with an increase in the adjusted prevalence of excess weight (e.g. Orbegozo 2011 aPR≥180, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.02–1.42) and of obesity (e.g. IOTF aPR≥180, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.06–1.86) as well as an increase in the adjusted number of fulfilled criteria for excess weight (aΔ≥180, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.06–1.31). (AU)

Valoración e intervención nutricional en pacientes oncológicos hospitalizados en riesgo de desnutrición o con desnutrición: evaluación del efecto sobre parámetros antropométricos y de composición corporal / Nutritional assessment and intervention in hospitalized cancer patients at risk of or with Malnutrition: evaluation of the effect on anthropometric and body composition parameters

Introducción: la desnutrición es un problema frecuente en los pacientes oncológicos que empeora durante la hospitalización y se asocia con mayor morbimortalidad y deterioro de la calidad de vida. Objetivos: describir el efecto de la implantación de un protocolo de valoración y soporte nutricional sobre el estado nutricional de pacientes oncológicos hospitalizados. Métodos: estudio prospectivo, no controlado y cuasiexperimental en pacientes oncológicos ingresados en un servicio de oncología de forma consecutiva, independientemente de su estado nutricional, entre septiembre de 2019 y marzo de 2020. Se determinaron los parámetros antropométricos, la composición corporal y la fuerza prensora de la mano al ingreso y al alta. Se calculó el porcentaje de pacientes con desnutrición, dinapenia y sarcopenia al ingreso y al alta. Resultados: un total de 90 pacientes oncológicos participaron en este estudio (edad media: 66 años, 67,8 % hombres). El 33,2 % de los pacientes presentaban un tumor en el tracto gastrointestinal y el 73,3 % de los pacientes se encontraban en estadio IV. El 95 % necesitaron soporte nutricional (suplementación nutricional, nutrición enteral o nutrición parenteral). Tras la intervención nutricional no se encontraron diferencias en los parámetros antropométricos, con una pérdida de peso media de 0,1, aunque se observaron mejorías en la composición corporal. El porcentaje de pacientes desnutridos se mantuvo estable al ingreso y al alta independientemente del criterio empleado Conclusiones: la implementación de un protocolo de valoración y soporte nutricional al ingreso en pacientes oncológicos puede ayudar a evitar o retrasar el empeoramiento de su estado nutricional durante la hospitalización. (AU)

Introduction: Malnutrition is a common problem in cancer patients that worsens during hospitalization and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, and impaired quality of life. Objectives: to describe the effect of implementing a Nutritional assessment and support protocol on the Nutritional status of hospitalized cancer patients. Methods: a prospective, cross-sectional, non-controlled, quasi-experimental study in cancer patients admitted to an oncology service consecutively regardless of their Nutritional status between September 2019 and March 2020. Anthropometric parameters, body composition, and hand grip strength were measured at admission and discharge. The percentage of patients with Malnutrition, dynapenia, and sarcopenia at admission and discharge was calculated. Results: a total of 90 cancer patients participated in this study (mean age: 66 years, 67.8 % men); 33.2 % of the patients had a tumor in the gastrointestinal tract and 73.3 % of the patients were in stage IV; 95 % required Nutritional support (nutritional supplementation, enteral nutrition or parenteral nutrition). After the nutritional intervention, no differences were found in the anthropometric parameters with a mean weight loss of 0.1, although improvements in body composition were observed. The percentage of malnourished patients remained stable on admission and discharge regardless of the criteria used. Conclusions: the implementation of a protocol for assessment and nutritional support at admission in cancer patients may help prevent or delay the worsening of their nutritional status during hospital stay. (AU)

[Work engagement and burnout syndrome in a secondary care level during the COVID pandemic in Mexico, 2021]. / Compromiso laboral y síndrome de burnout en un segundo nivel durante pandemia por COVID en México, 2021.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020. The health personnel were the first line of action, so detecting the presence of burnout and work engagement allows us to have an overview of the perspective on the work environment of these workers. Objective: To identify the presence of high levels of work engagement and burnout in COVID-19 response teams (RT) during the COVID-19 pandemic in a secondary care level. Material and methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive, and observational, discretionary study. Data from 156 workers belonging to the COVID-19 RT were collected. It was administered a survey-type instrument, which collected sociodemographic data, as well as the UWES-9 and the MBI-HSS scales. Data analysis was performed with measures of central tendency and inferential statistics. Results: High levels of work engagement were identified in 55.1% of the COVID-19 RT members, while the high levels of burnout were 3.2%. Conclusions: The prevalence of work engagement was higher than burnout, but this did not imply protection against exhaustion.

Introducción: la enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19) fue declarada pandemia el 11 de marzo de 2020. El personal de salud fue la primera línea de acción, por lo que detectar la presencia de desgaste profesional y compromiso laboral nos permite tener un panorama de la perspectiva que se tiene del entorno laboral de estos trabajadores. Objetivo: identificar la presencia de altos niveles de compromiso laboral y desgaste profesional en equipos de respuesta COVID-19 (ERC), durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en un segundo nivel de atención médica. Material y métodos: el tipo de estudio fue transversal, descriptivo y observacional, discrecional. Se recabaron datos de 156 trabajadores pertenecientes a los ERC. Se aplicó un instrumento, el cual recogió datos sociodemográficos, así como las escalas UWES-9 y MBI-HSS. Se realizó el análisis de datos con medidas de tendencia central y estadística inferencial. Resultados: se identificaron niveles altos de compromiso laboral en un 55.1% de los integrantes de los ERC, mientras que los niveles de alto desgaste profesional fueron de 3.2%. Conclusiones: la prevalencia de alto compromiso laboral fue superior a la de alto desgaste profesional, pero no implicó protección contra el agotamiento.